Ma ke kahua o ka insulation ʻoihana wela kiʻekiʻe,kapa olonā keramikakū i waho ma ke ʻano he hopena hana kiʻekiʻe a kūpono hoʻi ke kumukūʻai, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka metallurgy, petrochemicals, hana mana, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia mai nā mea alumina-silica maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma o nā kaʻina hana milo a puhi paha a ua kui ʻia me ka mīkini me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻopaʻa, hoʻohui ia i ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, ka maʻalahi, a me ke kūpaʻa, e lilo ia i mea pono ʻole no nā hopena hoʻokele wela hou.
ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka pale olonā keramika ke kī i kona kaulana ākea. ʻO ka mea mua a me ka mea nui loa, he kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa ia i ka mahana, me nā mahana hoʻokaʻawale mai 1100 ℃ a i 1600 ℃ (2012 ℉ a i 2912 ℉) ma muli o ka papa, a me nā mahana hana mau a hiki i 1350 ℃ no nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana paʻa ʻoiai ma nā wahi wela loa. ʻO kona conductivity thermal haʻahaʻa loa (e like me 0.09 W/MK ma 400 ℃) e hōʻemi pono ana i ka nalowale o ka wela, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono o ka ikehu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie ma 20-40% i nā noi ʻoihana.
He māmā a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻo ka pale lole he 70% ka māmā ma mua o nā refractories kuʻuna, e maʻalahi ai ke kau ʻana—ʻoiai no nā ʻano paʻakikī e like me nā paia umu, nā paipu, a me nā hui hoʻonui. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela maikaʻi loa, me ka emi ʻana o ka linear ma lalo o 3% ma nā mahana hana kiʻekiʻe loa, e pale ana i ka pōʻino mai nā loli wikiwiki o ka mahana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻopaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi, a he kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, e kūʻē ana i ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino (koe wale nō nā alkalis ikaika a me ka waikawa hydrofluoric) a me ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻohe gas outgassing i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka palekana a me ke aloha kaiapuni. Hāʻawi pū ia i nā hana omo leo a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka walaʻau, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ke kaiapuni hana.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono ʻoihana like ʻole, hele mai ka pale umauma fiber seramika i nā kikoʻī maʻamau me nā koho hoʻopilikino maʻalahi. Ma ke ʻano o ka nui, ʻo nā koho maʻamau he 96, 128, a me 160 kg/m³ (6-10 lb/ft³), me kekahi mau papa i loaʻa ma 64 kg/m³ no nā koi māmā, ke kaulike ʻana i ka hana insulation a me ka pono o ke kaumaha. Loaʻa ka mānoanoa mai 6mm a 50mm (0.25-2 ʻīniha), kahi e kūpono ai nā pale umauma lahilahi 6-10mm i nā wahi paʻa, nā mea 20-25mm e kaulike i ka hana a me ka nui, a ʻo nā mea 50mm e hāʻawi i ka paʻa wela kiʻekiʻe loa no nā hiʻohiʻona mahana kiʻekiʻe loa.
Ma ke ʻano o nā ana, ʻo nā ʻōwili maʻamau he 7200/3600mm ka lōʻihi, 610/1220mm ka laulā, a hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia a hiki i 16000mm ka lōʻihi a me 1830mm ka laulā e like me nā pono o ka papahana. Ma ke ʻano kemika, ʻo nā mea nui he alumina (Al₂O₃) a me silica (SiO₂), me ka huina o 96-99% no ka hapa nui o nā papa; hoʻohui nā papa i loaʻa ka zirconium i 5-17% ZrO₂ e hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, me Al₂O₃+SiO₂+ZrO₂ e hiki ana i 99%. ʻO ka ikaika tensile he 0.04-0.12 MPa (density 128kg/m³), e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wā o ke kau ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Inā paha no nā uhi umu, ka pale ʻana o ka paila, ka pale ʻana i nā paipu, a i ʻole nā sila pale ahi, hāʻawi ka pale fiber keramika i ka hana hilinaʻi, ka mālama ikehu, a me ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi. ʻO kona mau waiwai like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī i hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia e lilo ia i koho mua no ka pale wela kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻoihana. E koho i kā mākou pale fiber keramika e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu ʻōnaehana hoʻokele wela, e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana, a hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-02-2026
