Nui nā ʻano o nā mea maka refractory a me nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike like ʻole. ʻEono mau ʻāpana ma ka laulā.
ʻO ka mea mua, e like me nā mea kemika o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maka refractory
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka oxide maka mea a me ka non-oxide maka. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana hou, ua lilo kekahi mau mea hoʻohuihui i nā mea mua a i ʻole nā mea kōkua o nā mea ʻenehana pale ahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻElua, e like me nā ʻāpana kemika o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maka refractory
E like me nā hiʻohiʻona kemika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea maka i ke ahi i loko o ka waikawa ahi pale i nā mea waiwai, e like me ka silica, zircon, etc.; ʻO nā mea waiwai kūʻokoʻa pale ahi, e like me corundum, bauxite (acidic), mullite (acidic), pyrite (alkaline), graphite, etc.; ʻO nā mea waiwai e pale ai i ke ahi alkaline, e like me ka magnesia, ke one dolomite, ke one calcium magnesia, etc.
Ekolu, e like me ke kaʻina hana hana papa
E like me kāna hana i ka hana hana refractory, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea maka refractory i nā kumu waiwai a me nā mea waiwai kōkua.
ʻO ka mea maka nui ke kino nui o ka mea refractory. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea waiwai kōkua i nā binders a me nā mea hoʻohui. ʻO ka hana a ka mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ke kino refractory i lawa ka ikaika i ke kaʻina hana a hoʻohana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala sulfite pulp, asphalt, phenolic resin, aluminate cement, sodium silicate, phosphoric acid a me phosphate, sulfate, a me kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui iā lākou iho i ke kuleana o nā mea hoʻopili, e like me ka pālolo paʻa; ʻO ke kuleana o nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana o nā mea refractory, a i ʻole e hoʻoikaika i kekahi mau waiwai o nā mea refractory, e like me ka stabilizer, ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai, inhibitor, plasticizer, foaming agent dispersant, expansion agent, antioxidant, etc.
ʻEhā, e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka waikawa a me ke kumu
Wahi a ka waikawa a me ka alkali, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea maka refractory i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻelima.
(1) ʻAkika maka
ʻO ka nui o nā mea waiwai siliceous, e like me ka quartz, squamquartz, quartzite, chalcedony, chert, opal, quartzite, ke one silica keʻokeʻo, diatomite, ʻo kēia mau mea siliceous i loaʻa i ka silica (SiO2) ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 90%, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea maʻemaʻe. i ʻoi aku ma mua o 99%. He ʻakika nā mea maka siliceous i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe wela kemika dynamics, ke loaʻa nā metala oxides, a i ka wā e pili ana me ka hana kemika, a hui 'ia i fusible silicates. No laila, inā loaʻa i ka siliceous maka mea liʻiliʻi o ka metala oxide, e hoʻopilikia nui ia i kona kūpaʻa wela.
(2) semi-acidic maka mea
ʻO ka nui o ka pālolo refractory. Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i hala, ua helu ʻia ka pālolo ma ke ʻano he mea waikawa, ʻaʻole kūpono. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka acidity o nā mea maka refractory ma luna o ka silica manuahi (SiO2) ma ke ʻano he kino nui, no ka mea, e like me ke ʻano kemika o ka pālolo refractory a me nā mea waiwai siliceous, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka silica manuahi i ka pālolo refractory ma mua o ka siliceous maka.
No ka mea aia he 30% ~ 45% alumina i loko o ka pālolo refractory maʻamau, a ʻo ka alumina he mea maʻamau ka mokuʻāina, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hui pū ʻia me ka silica i kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O), ʻoiai inā he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka silica nui, ʻo ke kuleana. uuku loa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka waiwai waikawa o ka pālolo refractory ma mua o ka siliceous maka. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e hui pū ʻia ka pālolo refractory ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela i ka silicate manuahi, ka alumina manuahi, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia, ka silicate manuahi a me ka alumina manuahi e hui ʻia i quartz (3Al2O3·2SiO2) ke hoʻomau ʻia ka wela. Loaʻa i ka Quartz ke kūpaʻa waika maikaʻi i ka alkaline slag, a ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka alumina i loko o ka pālolo refractory, ua nāwaliwali ka waiwai o ka waikawa, i ka wā i hiki ai ke alumina i 50%, nā waiwai alkaline a i ʻole nā mea kūʻokoʻa, i hana ʻia me ka pālolo lepo ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. , ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa, ka porosity haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka slag alkaline ma mua o ka silica ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe. He lohi loa ka Quartz ma ke ʻano o kona erosivity, no laila ke manaʻo nei mākou he mea kūpono ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pālolo refractory ma ke ʻano he semi-acidic. ʻO ka pālolo refractory ka mea maʻamau a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana refractory.
(3) kūʻokoʻa maka kumu
ʻO nā mea waiwai kūlohelohe ka nui o ka chromite, graphite, silicon carbide (artificial), ma lalo o nā kūlana wela ʻaʻole e pane me ka acid a alkaline slag. Aia i kēia manawa ʻelua mau mea ma ke ʻano, chromite a me graphite. Ma waho aʻe o ka graphite maoli, aia nā graphite artificial, kēia mau mea kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, he kūʻē nui i ka slag, ka mea kūpono loa no nā mea refractory alkaline a me ka insulation refractory acid.
(4) alkaline refractory maka mea
ʻO ka nui o ka magnesite (magnesite), dolomite, lime, olivine, serpentine, kiʻekiʻe alumina oxygen kumu waiwai (i kekahi manawa kūʻokoʻa), ʻo kēia mau mea maka ke kūʻē ikaika i ka alkaline slag, ka hapa nui i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka umu ahi alkaline, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka acid slag chemical reaction a. lilo i paakai.
(5) Nā mea hana refractory kūikawā
ʻO ka nui o ka zirconia, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide, thorium oxide, yttrium oxide a pēlā aku. ʻO kēia mau mea maka he mau degere like ʻole o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻano slag āpau, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole nui ke kumu kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka nui o ka ʻoihana refractory, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia i nā kūlana kūikawā, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ke ahi kūikawā. kūʻē i nā mea maka.
ʻElima, e like me ka hanauna o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maka
Wahi a ka hanauna o nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea kūlohelohe maoli a me nā mea waiwai synthetic i ʻelua mau ʻāpana.
(1) nā mea maka kūlohelohe maoli refractory
ʻO nā mea waiwai mineral maoli ke kino nui o nā mea maka. ʻO nā minerala i loaʻa i loko o ke ʻano, aia nā mea i hana ʻia. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka huina o ka oxygen, silicon a me ka alumini ʻekolu mau mea e pili ana i ka 90% o ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka ʻōpala, a me ka oxide, silicate a me aluminosilicate mineral e hōʻike i nā pōmaikaʻi ʻike, he nui loa. nā waihona o nā mea maka maoli.
Loaʻa ʻo Kina i nā kumuwaiwai maka refractory waiwai, kahi ʻano ākea. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Magnesite, bauxite, graphite a me nā kumu waiwai ʻē aʻe nā pou ʻekolu o nā kumu refractory o Kina; ʻO Magnesite a me ka bauxite, nā mālama nui, ka papa kiʻekiʻe; Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka pālolo refractory maikaʻi, silica, dolomite, magnesia dolomite, magnesia olivine, serpentine, zircon a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā mea kūlohelohe: silica, quartz, diatomite, wax, pālolo, bauxite, cyanite mineral raw material, magnesite, dolomite, limestone, magnesite olivine, serpentine, talc, chlorite, zircon, plagiozircon, perlite, chromium hao a me graphite maoli.
ʻEono，E like me ka haku mele ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea maka refractory kūlohelohe i:
Siliceous: e like me crystalline silica, quartz one cemented silica, etc.;
② semi-siliceous (phyllachite, etc.)
③ Pālolo: e like me ka pālolo paʻakikī, pālolo palupalu, etc.; E hoʻohui i ka pālolo a me ka pālolo clinker
(4) Aluminum kiʻekiʻe: ʻike ʻia ʻo jade, e like me ka bauxite kiʻekiʻe, nā mineral sillimanite;
⑤ Magnesium: magnesite;
⑥ Dolomite;
⑦ Chromite [(Fe,Mg)O·(Cr,Al)2O3];
Zircon (ZrO2·SiO2).
Loaʻa i nā mea kūlohelohe maoli nā mea haumia, ʻaʻole paʻa ka haku mele, loli nui ka hana, hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia kekahi mau mea maka, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a i ʻole calcined e hoʻokō i nā koi hana o nā mea refractory.
(2) synthetic mea pale ahi
ʻO nā ʻano mineral kūlohelohe i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea maka ua kaupalena ʻia, a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō pinepine i nā koi o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe refractory mea no nā koi kūikawā o ka ʻoihana hou. Hiki i ka Synthetic refractory raw mea hiki ke hoʻokō piha i ka poʻe i hoʻolālā mua ʻia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mineral kemika a me ke ʻano, kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, ʻano paʻa, maʻalahi ka haku mele, no laila paʻa ka maikaʻi, hiki ke hana i nā ʻano mea refractory holomua, ʻo ia ka maka nui. mea o ke akamai kiʻekiʻe hou a me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe refractory mea. He wikiwiki loa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea refractory synthetic i nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala.
ʻO nā mea waiwai refractory synthetic ka nui o ka magnesium alumini spinel, synthetic mullite, seawater magnesia, synthetic magnesium cordierite, sintered corundum, alumini titanate, silicon carbide a pēlā aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2023
